Border changes · updated July 2026

ETIAS, UK ETA & EES, explained

Europe is rolling out the biggest change to its borders in decades. Three different things are easy to confuse — here's what each one is, whether it applies to you, and how to get sorted before you fly.

🇪🇺 EU ETIAS

Online travel authorisation

For currently visa-exempt visitors to the Schengen area. Targeted for late 2026 with a grace period after. ~€20, valid 3 years. Not a visa — a quick online approval linked to your passport.

🇬🇧 UK ETA

Online travel authorisation · live now

Already required for visa-exempt visitors — including EU/EEA/Swiss nationals since April 2025. ~£16, valid 2 years, multiple entries.

🛂 EU EES

Automated border system

Biometric entry/exit registration replacing passport stamps. You don't apply — it happens at the border. Rolling out from late 2025. Free.

At a glance

SystemWhat it isWho needs itWhenCost
EU ETIASOnline authorisation (not a visa)Visa-exempt visitors to SchengenTargeted late 2026 (+ grace period)~€20 (free <18 / >70)
UK ETAOnline authorisationVisa-exempt visitors to the UK (incl. EU/EEA/Swiss)Live now~£16
EU EESBiometric border checkNon-EU travellers at Schengen bordersRolling out 2025–26Free
US ESTAOnline authorisationVisa Waiver Program travellers to the USLive nowFee applies
Which do you need? It depends on your passport and where you're going. If your passport already lets you enter the Schengen area or the UK visa-free, you'll generally need the matching authorisation (ETIAS for Europe once it launches; the UK ETA now) — not a full visa. Check your passport on the globe or your passport page to see where you stand, and use the 90/180 calculator to track your Schengen days.

How to apply

Apply through the official government portals — or use a checked-application service that fills and reviews the form for you and flags errors before submission.

Apply for ETIAS / UK ETA ↗ Schengen 90/180 calculator →

Dates and fees for ETIAS and EES have shifted more than once and may change again — always confirm with the official sources (EU ETIAS, UK ETA) before you travel. This is general information, not legal or immigration advice.